培训讲师谈管理：在中国，政府是最重要的市场参与者

　　埃尔文·罗斯
Alvin E. Roth

　　生于1951年12月19日，目前在哈佛商学院担任经济及工商管理乔治-冈德(George
Gund)教授。罗斯在博弈论、市场设计和实验经济学领域都曾作出重大贡献，荣获2012年诺贝尔经济学奖。

　　罗斯是美国杰出年轻教授奖——斯隆奖的获得者，古根海姆基金会会士，美国艺术和科学院院士。他还是美国国家经济研究局(NBER)和美国计量经济学学会成员。

　　HBRC：除了你在《市场设计的艺术》一文中提到的项目，你目前有没有在开展新的市场设计项目？

　　罗斯：每一个市场设计项目都需要很长时间，我目前主要仍在继续专注于此前的一些项目。一个比较新的进展是，我在器官移植领域的工作不再局限于肾源交换，现在还涉及已经逝去的捐赠人器官的获取和分配。

　　HBRC:Are you working on any new market design projects
other than the ones you mentioned in “The art of designing market”?

　　Roth:Well, each project takes a long time, so I’m probably
still working mostly on things I was working on then. One somewhat new bit is
that my continuing work on organ transplantation now includes not only kidney
exchange but the also the elicitation and allocation of organs for transplant
from deceased donors.

　　HBRC:中国的很多市场仍然在政府的调控之下，在这样的环境中，是否能进行市场设计？以及应该如何进行市场设计？

　　罗斯：中国自然也可以考虑市场设计，比如，利用市场设计来改善现在的大学录取系统。要进行市场设计你必须赢得市场参与者的支持。在中国，从有能力改变市场规则这一点来说,我认为政府应该是最重要的市场参与者。所以在中国，很多市场设计将会是改变政府组织和管理市场的方式。

　　HBRC:Many markets in China are still partly under
government control, will market design theory work in such markets? And how will
you design market under such circumstances?

　　Roth:China would be a natural place to consider market
design, perhaps e.g. in thinking about ways to modify the current system of
university admissions.

　　To do market design you always have to win the cooperation of market
participants. In the Chinese case, I guess the government would be the most
important participant, from the point of view of having the ability to change
the rules. So in China a lot of market design would be about changing the way
the government organizes and regulates its markets.

　　HBRC:目前你是像文中提到的那样，和计算机科学家有更多互动吗？这是否会拓展市场设计理论的应用领域并且带来新见解？

　　罗斯：我的市场设计课上有计算机科学的研究生，我之前的博士后学生伊塔·阿什拉吉（Itai
Ashlagi）就是其中之一，他现在在肾源交换项目中是一个很活跃的计算机科学家。此外，我儿子阿龙·罗斯（Aaron
Roth）研究的互联网隐私也与市场设计领域有交叉。

　　HBRC:Are you having more interactions with computer
scientists? Will the development of computer sciences bring new insights to the
application area of market design theory?

　　Roth:I have computer science grad students in my class in
Market Design, my former postdoc ItaiAshlagi who has now become very active in
kidney exchange was trained as a computer scientist, and I am the father of an
assistant professor of computer science at the U.ofPennsylvania.Much of Aaron
Roth’s research is about privacy, and how to maintain it, so his work certainly
has some intersection with market design。（陈圆妮/采访、整理）

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　　在中国，政府是最重要的市场参与者